When to use a centrifugal or a Positive Displacement pump (PD) is not always a clear choice. To make a good choice between these pump types it is important to understand that the two types of pumps behave very differently. By looking at the performance chart below you can see just how different they are. The centrifugal has varying flow depending on pressure or head, whereas the PD pump has more or less constant flow regardless of pressure

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In recent years, everybody is dreaming about one cheaper & cleaner fuel ethanol. Though the cleanliness over its total life cycle is still a debatable point along with energy efficiency debates. I am considering few Nos which were presented in some othe blog for my visitors. In this we will see the total requirement & growth of Ethanol as fuel & as industry demand

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This blog was conceptualized to share the information for young process engineers who need guidance at each step in the early career of their professional life. Since May2007 I started active blogging. Now we had 100 Posts in 10 Months & 75 readers which is a very good growth specially when your focus area is so specific. I am not blogging for my own thoughts, day to day happening like my personal diary but this blog is meant for purely technical & useful learnings

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Normally a project passes through various phases e.g. basic engineering, detail engineering, equipment fabrication, erection, commissioning etc. The conceptual idea of business from the process development cell is converted to executable documents during basic engineering.

This is the step where we need P&ID or piping and Instrumentation diagram

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Common problem of carrying out calculation of optimum insulation thickness, Yet loosing lot of energy in the form of heat loss or cold loss, need re-work on insulation due to damage over a certain period of 2-3 years during annual turnaround etc. etc..............

Poor process engineers. Need survey of thickness, need good maintenance & monitoring program....lots of cost items..& still not satisifed.

After so many years of struggle, I thought about this Idea which is very cost effective & higher savings for lifetime. No need of re-work etc. No maintenance cost.

Interesting.........Ya....Very good business idea too....here is my input

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Process engineers need many calculations related to orifice design e.g. for

1. Restriction Orifice Dia.
2. Maximum possible flow through Restriction Orifice for a given dia.
3. Flow of gases through spargers with a given hole size & pipe Dia.
4. calculation of new size of holes for spargers.
5. Pressure drop across Orifice.

And many more..........SO I am attaching a very simple excel sheet for such calculations, which is not very complicated yet useful for almost 98-99% accuracy.

To Download the file , just click ....

Recently going through some blog articles, I found the use of low flush toilets where water can be saved by more than 50%. Amazed by numbers, I thought to work out my self these numbers with ref to India & possible quantum of savings.

Therefore, my search began on this issue & found that technologies are available which can reduce the consumption to more than 80-90% and is totally developed indeginously by Indians. We do not realize the importance of any small change unless we see its impact in totality which may be very useful for the nation as a whole

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Hot water can in fact freeze faster than cold water for a wide range of experimental conditions. This phenomenon is extremely counter- intuitive, and surprising even to most scientists, but it is in fact real. It has been seen and studied in numerous experiments. While this phenomenon has been known for centuries, and was described by Aristotle, Bacon, and Descartes, it was not introduced to the modern scientific community until 1969, by a Tanzanian high school student named Mpemba.

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Recently going through some blog articles, I found the use of low flush toilets where water can be saved by more than 50%. Amazed by numbers, I thought to work out my self these numbers with ref to India & possible quantum of savings.

Therefore, my search began on this issue & found that technologies are available which can reduce the consumption to more than 80-90% and is totally developed indeginously by Indians. We do not realize the importance of any small change unless we see its impact in totality which may be very useful for the nation as a whole

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This is in continuation of my previous post on this topic. In this part, I will explain the calculation of NTU for cooling towers, yes NTU which is very important & is similar to NTU in absorption towers. It helps in indentifying the performance, capacity & effciiency of your cooling tower. In next part of this post I will explain How to use these calculations for mesurement of efficiencies, prediction for new conditions etc .

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I am invariably finding many hits on cooling tower capacity & performance calculation and related queries. Therefore, I have decided to include the detailed calculation procedure in order to enable many students & process engineers who are interested in improving cooling towers performance by following these simple steps. If you have any query, kindly post them in the comments section. I’ll try my level best to answer those queries as soon as possible. First you should collect all the data as given below. Be sure that the data collected for these temperatures is most accurate because of lower absolute level of generally ~40°C average temperatures, an error of 0.5°C due to manual data collection & judgment will cause more than 1.2% error in the result at one calculation. Repeating such errors may result in cumulative errors of more than 10% in totality giving you totally absurd results. So the basic point is that collect the data on regular basis, keep a watch to have a feel of real values & then proceed

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Power transmission equipment e.g. gears or couplings are the most neglected areas where nobody (including good energy auditors also) focuses for energy saving opportunities.

However, a certain approach or simple steps can improve their efficiency by at least 2% which may result in total annual cost saving in power bill by more than 6%.

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Traditionally, the cogeneration of steam and electricity has been restricted to plants that generate superheated steam, making the recovery of energy losses from saturated steam impossible for many industrial sites ranging from distilleries to pharmaceutical plants and pulp-and-paper mills.

Pennat International Corp promised to change that with the introduction of its new Energy Conversion System (ECS) Series of saturated steam turbines

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A building or room gains heat from many sources. Inside occupants, computers, copiers, machinery, and lighting all produce heat. Warm air from outside enters through open doors and windows, or as ‘leakage’ though the structure. However the biggest source of heat is solar radiation from the sun, beating down on the roof and walls, and pouring through the windows, heating internal surfaces. The sum of all these heat sources is know as the heat gain (or heat load) of the building, and is expressed either in BTU (British Thermal Units) or kW (Kilowatts). For an air conditioner to cool a room or building its output must be greater than the heat gain. It is important before purchasing an air conditioner that a heat load calculation is performed to ensure it is big enough for the intended application.

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Many of you, especially who are handling projects engineering, may be surprised when & why should I consider bypass for pumps. What is the utility for considering bypasses? Why not only relief valves are sufficient for safeguard against high pressure in the line? The list may be little longer than my expectation…. Here are few things to remember….

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