The actual performance of any chemical process plant can be measured by only two terms, energy consumption level and on-stream/reliability factor. These are the two overall indicators of the plant performance out of which reliability factor also contributes to the energy consumption level. Hence, it becomes inevitable in an energy intensive unit like fertilizer industry, to keep a close look on this aspect of plant performance. This in turn will affect the productivity and profitability.

The expected annual energy consumption in ammonia production is of the order of 108 gigacalories in India alone that is equivalent to ~11 to 12000 MSm3 of Natural Gas or around 10 million tons of naphtha. Hence, it is most likely today to focus on proper analysis of bottlenecks & deficiencies in an existing plant while absolute analysis of technology at grass root level is also crucial with great care in its selection.

This study has been divided in four major parts, the overall loss structure, brief analysis of sectionwise losses & their remedies, losses through cooling water, and finally the role of catalysts in overall energy efficiency of the plant.